While comparing VhDir and the US NDH noted that the approaches in how to apply the Restriction profiles are different.

Both leverage a profile on the Consent resource to indicate who is involved and are contained to ensure that the do not get separated from the content being shared missing the rules to be applied.

However the linkage on the elements is different.

VhDir uses the location of the usage-restriction extension to tag any properties that require masking.

NDH uses a similar extension to say that this consent applies, and inside the consent another extension has fhirpath locations to the list of properties to restrict access to.