subject is 1..1 would need to broadened  Recommendation is to keep 1..1 cardinality, but expand referenced resources to include:  Device,  Practitioner ,  Organization ,  Location Update Short: Individual or entity the procedure was performed on Definition: On whom or what the procedure was performed. This is usually an individual human, but can also be performed on animals, groups of humans or animals, organizations or practitioners (for licensing), locations or devices (for safety inspections or regulatory authorizations).   Procedure Definition (Updated) An action that is or was performed on or for a patient, practitioner, device, organization, or location. For example, this can be a physical intervention on a patient like an operation, or less invasive like long term services, counseling, or hypnotherapy.  This can be a quality or safety inspection for a location, organization, or device.  This can be an accreditation procedure on a practitioner for licensing. Scope and Usage (Updated) Procedure is one of the  event  resources in the FHIR  workflow  specification. This resource is used to record the details of current and historical procedures performed on, with, or for a patient, practitioner, device, organization, or location. Examples include surgical procedures, diagnostic procedures, endoscopic procedures, biopsies, counseling, physiotherapy, personal support services, adult day care services, non-emergency transportation, home modification, exercise, verification of enrollment qualifications for a social program etc. Procedures may be performed by a healthcare professional, a service provider, a friend or relative or in some cases by the patient themselves. Procedures can be performed on other non-patient subjects.  For example, a procedure can represent an inspection to verify temperature or humidity for storage at a given location.  Additionally, a procedure can represent the verification of the practitioner's qualifications for accreditation.